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Basic terms in electrical engineering: A - C (Glossary) |
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| Accumulator An accumulator is an electrical compound of secondary cells, a rechargeable battery. Batteries Activation Certain batteries (e.g. Thermal batteries) are only activated at the time they are used, i.e. only then are the chemical processes that take place within the battery enabled, thus giving the batteries a longer storage life. Alkali-manganese battery Widespread primary battery on the basis of zinc-manganese in an alkaline electrolyte. Aluminium Aluminium (chem. symbol: Al) is a silvery-white, ductile light alloy that is passivated in air and is used, for example, in the Aluminium-air battery. Aluminium-air battery Metal-air battery Ambient conditions Batteries may only be stored and operated under the external influences for which they are specified. Critical factors here include the ambient temperature, relative humidity, air pressure or vibrations. Ampere Strength of current Anode The anode is the negative pole of a source of power, the negative electrolyte. It is generally defined as an electrode at which Oxidation processes take place through which electrons are released. Beware: when accumulators are charged the chemical processes are reversed, i.e. the battery's positive pole is then the anode. A.N.S.I. American National Standards Institute Antimony Antimony (chem. symbol: Sb) is a tin-white, brittle metal that is stable in air. Antimony intoxication An antimony intoxication is understood as being the deposition of antimony on the electrodes of lead accumulators on the basis of lead-antimony alloys. It leads to an increased hydrogen production and a drop in the battery's performance data. Atomic battery In an atomic battery the heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes is used to generate a current. This type of battery can supply constant electrical energy over long periods of time but are potentially dangerous to the environment on account of the radioactive materials that are used. Atomic batteries are used in aerospace engineering. Pacemakers were also manufactured in the 70-ies with atomic batteries. Another name for this type of battery is RTG (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator). Battery A battery is an electrical compound of cells. Batteries Battery pack A battery pack (also: Powerpack) is an accumulator that has been assembled to customer specifications See also: Battery-Packs. Boomerang battery Regenerative battery C Capacity Cadmium Cadmium Capacity The capacity describes the available quantity of electricity contained in a battery: discharging current (A) x discharge time (h). It is referred to as C and its unit is generally expressed in ampere-hours (Ah). The capacity is not a constant parameter but depends on the discharge time and discharging current as well as the temperature. Thus, C5 stands for the capacity for a 5-hour discharge time (common for vehicle batteries). Capacity, available The capacity depending on the charging method, charge state, discharging current, temperature, end-point voltage and ageing, i.e. can only be measured in real use. Capacity, typical Average capacity for cells in a series Catalyst A substance that is not used up and that encourages or enables a certain chemical reaction, e.g. Platinum. Cathode The cathode is the positive pole of a source of power, the positive electrode. It is generally defined as the electrode at which the reduction process takes place through which electrons are absorbed. Beware: When accumulators are charged the chemical processes are reversed, i.e. the battery's negative pole is then the cathode. Caustic potash solution Potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) is a highly caustic fluid that is used in a number of battery systems as an Electrolyte , e.g. in Nickel-cadmium battery. Cell Individual element in an battery system; Batteries Charge retention The charge retention is used to compensate the Spontaneous discharge of accumulators and constantly keep the batteries at their maximum standby power, e.g. emergency power supplies. The charge retention is realised by a constant or cyclic supply of a small Charging current (charge retention current). Charge retention current Charge retention Charge retention voltage The charge retention voltage is normally 0.1 volts above the no-load voltage. Charge retention Charger Device (transformer) to charge accumulators. Modern chargers are equipped with intelligent control electronics that in an ideal case avoid overcharging and the so-called Memory effect. Charging current The current (I) that flows when an accumulator is charged. It can be expressed in absolute terms (e.g. in amperes) or relatively as a fraction or multiple of the nominal capacity. For example, 2 I5 describes the double current resulting from the Capacity C5. Copper Copper Cycle strengtht The cycle strength of an accumulator is the number of charging cycles that are possible until a defined, irreversible drop in power. © Marc Stenzel
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