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Basic terms in electrical engineering: S - Z (Glossary) |
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| Secondary battery Rechargeable battery, accumulator; Batteries Self discharge Spontaneous discharge Service life The service life of a battery is essentially determined by the Spontaneous dischargeand current consumption. The service life of an accumulator is defined by the number of charge cycles possible until a defined, irreversible drop in power. Silver oxide-zinc battery Very popular primary battery for watches and hearing aids in the form of button cells. Size Batteries come in standard sizes, e.g. according to the standards IEC or ANSI (USA) and JIS (Japan). A large number of interim or special sizes are demanded by the market for specific applications. Cell sizes Soda lye Soda lye is a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), a very caustic lye that is used in certain types of battery as an Electrolyte. Specific energy Energy density Spontaneous discharge In batteries, spontaneous discharge is the decomposition of the chemically bound energy potential in favour of electrical energy and also warmth. In a Capacitor, spontaneous discharge is the equalisation of the electrical potential between the electrodes. Strength of current The strength of current (I) describes the amount of electricity flowing between two poles per unit of time. It is expressed in the unit ampere (A). Sulphuric acid Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is one of the most important inorganic acids, a colourless, odorless and highly caustic fluid that can be mixed in any ratio with water. Concentrated sulphuric acid (commercial form normally 96%) is very hygroscopic and destroys organic materials. Sulphuric acid is manufactured on a very large scale for numerous technical applications. In battery technology, for example, it is used as an Electrolyte in lead accumulators. Supercaps Capacitors Terminal voltage No-load voltage Thermoelectric battery Thermoelectric batteries are batteries with a very long storage life. This is achieved by molten salt electrolytes that are non-conductive in a solid state. Only when the battery is used is the Electrolyte melted through the explosive consumption of a pyrotechnical mixture, thus activating the battery. These batteries are used almost exclusively in the military sector. Volt Voltage Volta, Alessandro Voltaic pile Voltage The voltage (U) describes the size of an electrical potential difference or the work that a charge carrier (e.g. an electron) can perform between two poles. The unit for voltage is the volt (V). Voltaic pile Voltaic pile Volumetric energy density Energy density Volumetric power density Power density Working voltage The working voltage is the actual Voltage that is to be set under a certain consumption situation. Zinc Zinc Zinc-air battery Metal-air battery Zinc-carbon battery The first battery that enjoyed widespread industrial use and domestic application was a zinc-carbon battery, the Leclanché Element ('Pile Leclanché') developed in 1860 by the French scientist Georges Leclanché (1839 - 1882). The further development of this type of battery was the Alkali-manganese battery. © Marc Stenzel
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